trilinos_vector.h

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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception OR LGPL-2.1-or-later
// Copyright (C) 2008 - 2026 by the deal.II authors
//
// This file is part of the deal.II library.
//
// Detailed license information governing the source code and contributions
// can be found in LICENSE.md and CONTRIBUTING.md at the top level directory.
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
#ifndef dealii_trilinos_vector_h
#define dealii_trilinos_vector_h
 
 
#include <deal.II/base/config.h>
 
#ifndef DEAL_II_TRILINOS_WITH_EPETRA
#  include <deal.II/lac/trilinos_tpetra_to_trilinos_wrappers.h>
#  include <deal.II/lac/trilinos_tpetra_vector.h>
 
#endif
 
#ifdef DEAL_II_TRILINOS_WITH_EPETRA
#  include <deal.II/base/index_set.h>
#  include <deal.II/base/mpi_stub.h>
#  include <deal.II/base/partitioner.h>
 
#  include <deal.II/lac/exceptions.h>
#  include <deal.II/lac/read_vector.h>
#  include <deal.II/lac/vector.h>
#  include <deal.II/lac/vector_operation.h>
#  include <deal.II/lac/vector_type_traits.h>
 
DEAL_II_DISABLE_EXTRA_DIAGNOSTICS
#  include <Epetra_ConfigDefs.h>
#  include <Epetra_FEVector.h>
#  include <Epetra_LocalMap.h>
#  include <Epetra_Map.h>
#  include <Epetra_MpiComm.h>
DEAL_II_ENABLE_EXTRA_DIAGNOSTICS
 
#  include <memory>
#  include <utility>
#  include <vector>
 
#endif
 
DEAL_II_NAMESPACE_OPEN
 
#ifdef DEAL_II_TRILINOS_WITH_EPETRA
// Forward declarations
#  ifndef DOXYGEN
namespace LinearAlgebra
{
  // Forward declaration
  template <typename Number>
  class ReadWriteVector;
} // namespace LinearAlgebra
#  endif
 
namespace TrilinosWrappers
{
  class SparseMatrix;
 
  class VectorTraits
  {
  public:
    using size_type = ::types::global_dof_index;
  };
 
  namespace internal
  {
    class VectorReference
    {
    private:
      using size_type = VectorTraits::size_type;
 
      VectorReference(MPI::Vector &vector, const size_type index);
 
    public:
      VectorReference(const VectorReference &) = default;
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator=(const VectorReference &r) const;
 
      VectorReference &
      operator=(const VectorReference &r);
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator=(const TrilinosScalar &s) const;
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator+=(const TrilinosScalar &s) const;
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator-=(const TrilinosScalar &s) const;
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator*=(const TrilinosScalar &s) const;
 
      const VectorReference &
      operator/=(const TrilinosScalar &s) const;
 
      operator TrilinosScalar() const;
 
      DeclException1(ExcTrilinosError,
                     int,
                     << "An error with error number " << arg1
                     << " occurred while calling a Trilinos function");
 
    private:
      MPI::Vector &vector;
 
      const size_type index;
 
      // Make the vector class a friend, so that it can create objects of the
      // present type.
      friend class ::TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector;
    };
  } // namespace internal
#  ifndef DEAL_II_WITH_64BIT_INDICES
    // define a helper function that queries the global ID of local ID of
  // an Epetra_BlockMap object  by calling either the 32- or 64-bit
  // function necessary.
  inline int
  gid(const Epetra_BlockMap &map, int i)
  {
    return map.GID(i);
  }
#  else
    // define a helper function that queries the global ID of local ID of
  // an Epetra_BlockMap object  by calling either the 32- or 64-bit
  // function necessary.
  inline long long int
  gid(const Epetra_BlockMap &map, int i)
  {
    return map.GID64(i);
  }
#  endif
 
  namespace MPI
  {
    class BlockVector;
 
    class Vector : public ReadVector<TrilinosScalar>
    {
    public:
      using value_type      = TrilinosScalar;
      using real_type       = TrilinosScalar;
      using size_type       = VectorTraits::size_type;
      using iterator        = value_type *;
      using const_iterator  = const value_type *;
      using reference       = internal::VectorReference;
      using const_reference = const internal::VectorReference;
 
      Vector();
 
      Vector(const Vector &v);
 
      explicit Vector(const IndexSet &parallel_partitioning,
                      const MPI_Comm  communicator = MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 
      Vector(const IndexSet &local,
             const IndexSet &ghost,
             const MPI_Comm  communicator = MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 
      Vector(const IndexSet &parallel_partitioning,
             const Vector   &v,
             const MPI_Comm  communicator = MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 
      template <typename Number>
      Vector(const IndexSet               &parallel_partitioning,
             const ::Vector<Number> &v,
             const MPI_Comm                communicator = MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 
      Vector(Vector &&v); // NOLINT
 
      ~Vector() override = default;
 
      void
      clear();
 
      void
      reinit(const Vector &v, const bool omit_zeroing_entries = false);
 
      void
      reinit(const IndexSet &parallel_partitioning,
             const MPI_Comm  communicator         = MPI_COMM_WORLD,
             const bool      omit_zeroing_entries = false);
 
      void
      reinit(const IndexSet &locally_owned_entries,
             const IndexSet &locally_relevant_or_ghost_entries,
             const MPI_Comm  communicator    = MPI_COMM_WORLD,
             const bool      vector_writable = false);
 
      void
      reinit(
        const std::shared_ptr<const Utilities::MPI::Partitioner> &partitioner,
        const bool make_ghosted    = true,
        const bool vector_writable = false);
 
      void
      reinit(const BlockVector &v, const bool import_data = false);
 
      void
      compress(VectorOperation::values operation);
 
      Vector &
      operator=(const TrilinosScalar s);
 
      Vector &
      operator=(const Vector &v);
 
      Vector &
      operator=(Vector &&v) noexcept;
 
      template <typename Number>
      Vector &
      operator=(const ::Vector<Number> &v);
 
      void
      import_nonlocal_data_for_fe(
        const ::TrilinosWrappers::SparseMatrix &matrix,
        const Vector                                 &vector);
 
      void
      import_elements(const LinearAlgebra::ReadWriteVector<double> &rwv,
                      const VectorOperation::values                 operation);
 
      bool
      operator==(const Vector &v) const;
 
      bool
      operator!=(const Vector &v) const;
 
      size_type
      size() const override;
 
      size_type
      locally_owned_size() const;
 
      std::pair<size_type, size_type>
      local_range() const;
 
      bool
      in_local_range(const size_type index) const;
 
      IndexSet
      locally_owned_elements() const;
 
      bool
      has_ghost_elements() const;
 
      void
      update_ghost_values() const;
 
      TrilinosScalar
      operator*(const Vector &vec) const;
 
      real_type
      norm_sqr() const;
 
      TrilinosScalar
      mean_value() const;
 
      TrilinosScalar
      min() const;
 
      TrilinosScalar
      max() const;
 
      real_type
      l1_norm() const;
 
      real_type
      l2_norm() const;
 
      real_type
      lp_norm(const TrilinosScalar p) const;
 
      real_type
      linfty_norm() const;
 
      TrilinosScalar
      add_and_dot(const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &V, const Vector &W);
 
      bool
      all_zero() const;
 
      bool
      is_non_negative() const;
      reference
      operator()(const size_type index);
 
      TrilinosScalar
      operator()(const size_type index) const;
 
      reference
      operator[](const size_type index);
 
      TrilinosScalar
      operator[](const size_type index) const;
 
      void
      extract_subvector_to(const std::vector<size_type> &indices,
                           std::vector<TrilinosScalar>  &values) const;
 
      virtual void
      extract_subvector_to(
        const ArrayView<const size_type> &indices,
        const ArrayView<TrilinosScalar>  &elements) const override;
 
      template <typename ForwardIterator, typename OutputIterator>
      void
      extract_subvector_to(ForwardIterator       indices_begin,
                           const ForwardIterator indices_end,
                           OutputIterator        values_begin) const;
 
      iterator
      begin();
 
      const_iterator
      begin() const;
 
      iterator
      end();
 
      const_iterator
      end() const;
 
      void
      set(const std::vector<size_type>      &indices,
          const std::vector<TrilinosScalar> &values);
 
      void
      set(const std::vector<size_type>           &indices,
          const ::Vector<TrilinosScalar> &values);
 
      void
      set(const size_type       n_elements,
          const size_type      *indices,
          const TrilinosScalar *values);
 
      void
      add(const std::vector<size_type>      &indices,
          const std::vector<TrilinosScalar> &values);
 
      void
      add(const std::vector<size_type>           &indices,
          const ::Vector<TrilinosScalar> &values);
 
      void
      add(const size_type       n_elements,
          const size_type      *indices,
          const TrilinosScalar *values);
 
      Vector &
      operator*=(const TrilinosScalar factor);
 
      Vector &
      operator/=(const TrilinosScalar factor);
 
      Vector &
      operator+=(const Vector &V);
 
      Vector &
      operator-=(const Vector &V);
 
      void
      add(const TrilinosScalar s);
 
      void
      add(const Vector &V, const bool allow_different_maps = false);
 
      void
      add(const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &V);
 
      void
      add(const TrilinosScalar a,
          const Vector        &V,
          const TrilinosScalar b,
          const Vector        &W);
 
      void
      sadd(const TrilinosScalar s, const Vector &V);
 
      void
      sadd(const TrilinosScalar s, const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &V);
 
      void
      scale(const Vector &scaling_factors);
 
      void
      equ(const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &V);
      const Epetra_MultiVector &
      trilinos_vector() const;
 
      Epetra_FEVector &
      trilinos_vector();
 
      const Epetra_BlockMap &
      trilinos_partitioner() const;
 
      void
      print(std::ostream      &out,
            const unsigned int precision  = 3,
            const bool         scientific = true,
            const bool         across     = true) const;
 
      void
      swap(Vector &v) noexcept;
 
      std::size_t
      memory_consumption() const;
 
      MPI_Comm
      get_mpi_communicator() const;
      DeclException0(ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning);
 
      DeclException1(ExcTrilinosError,
                     int,
                     << "An error with error number " << arg1
                     << " occurred while calling a Trilinos function");
 
      DeclException4(
        ExcAccessToNonLocalElement,
        size_type,
        size_type,
        size_type,
        size_type,
        << "You are trying to access element " << arg1
        << " of a distributed vector, but this element is not stored "
        << "on the current processor. Note: There are " << arg2
        << " elements stored "
        << "on the current processor from within the range [" << arg3 << ','
        << arg4 << "] but Trilinos vectors need not store contiguous "
        << "ranges on each processor, and not every element in "
        << "this range may in fact be stored locally."
        << "\n\n"
        << "A common source for this kind of problem is that you "
        << "are passing a 'fully distributed' vector into a function "
        << "that needs read access to vector elements that correspond "
        << "to degrees of freedom on ghost cells (or at least to "
        << "'locally active' degrees of freedom that are not also "
        << "'locally owned'). You need to pass a vector that has these "
        << "elements as ghost entries.");
 
    private:
      Epetra_CombineMode last_action;
 
      bool compressed;
 
      bool has_ghosts;
 
      std::unique_ptr<Epetra_FEVector> vector;
 
      std::unique_ptr<Epetra_MultiVector> nonlocal_vector;
 
      IndexSet owned_elements;
 
      // Make the reference class a friend.
      friend class internal::VectorReference;
    };
 
 
 
    // ------------------- inline and template functions --------------
 
 
    inline void
    swap(Vector &u, Vector &v) noexcept
    {
      u.swap(v);
    }
  } // namespace MPI
 
#  ifndef DOXYGEN
 
  namespace internal
  {
    inline VectorReference::VectorReference(MPI::Vector    &vector,
                                            const size_type index)
      : vector(vector)
      , index(index)
    {}
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator=(const VectorReference &r) const
    {
      // as explained in the class
      // documentation, this is not the copy
      // operator. so simply pass on to the
      // "correct" assignment operator
      *this = static_cast<TrilinosScalar>(r);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator=(const VectorReference &r)
    {
      // as above
      *this = static_cast<TrilinosScalar>(r);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator=(const TrilinosScalar &value) const
    {
      Assert(!vector.has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      vector.set(1, &index, &value);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator+=(const TrilinosScalar &value) const
    {
      Assert(!vector.has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      vector.add(1, &index, &value);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator-=(const TrilinosScalar &value) const
    {
      Assert(!vector.has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      const TrilinosScalar new_value = -value;
      vector.add(1, &index, &new_value);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator*=(const TrilinosScalar &value) const
    {
      Assert(!vector.has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      const TrilinosScalar new_value =
        static_cast<TrilinosScalar>(*this) * value;
      vector.set(1, &index, &new_value);
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline const VectorReference &
    VectorReference::operator/=(const TrilinosScalar &value) const
    {
      Assert(!vector.has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      const TrilinosScalar new_value =
        static_cast<TrilinosScalar>(*this) / value;
      vector.set(1, &index, &new_value);
 
      return *this;
    }
  } // namespace internal
 
 
 
  namespace MPI
  {
    inline bool
    Vector::in_local_range(const size_type index) const
    {
      std::pair<size_type, size_type> range = local_range();
 
      return ((index >= range.first) && (index < range.second));
    }
 
 
 
    inline IndexSet
    Vector::locally_owned_elements() const
    {
      Assert(owned_elements.size() == size(),
             ExcMessage(
               "The locally owned elements have not been properly initialized!"
               " This happens for example if this object has been initialized"
               " with exactly one overlapping IndexSet."));
      return owned_elements;
    }
 
 
 
    inline bool
    Vector::has_ghost_elements() const
    {
      return has_ghosts;
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::update_ghost_values() const
    {}
 
 
 
    inline internal::VectorReference
    Vector::operator()(const size_type index)
    {
      return internal::VectorReference(*this, index);
    }
 
 
 
    inline internal::VectorReference
    Vector::operator[](const size_type index)
    {
      return operator()(index);
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::operator[](const size_type index) const
    {
      return operator()(index);
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::extract_subvector_to(const std::vector<size_type> &indices,
                                 std::vector<TrilinosScalar>  &values) const
    {
      for (size_type i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i)
        values[i] = operator()(indices[i]);
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::extract_subvector_to(
      const ArrayView<const size_type> &indices,
      const ArrayView<TrilinosScalar>  &elements) const
    {
      AssertDimension(indices.size(), elements.size());
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i)
        {
          AssertIndexRange(indices[i], size());
          elements[i] = (*this)[indices[i]];
        }
    }
 
 
 
    template <typename ForwardIterator, typename OutputIterator>
    inline void
    Vector::extract_subvector_to(ForwardIterator       indices_begin,
                                 const ForwardIterator indices_end,
                                 OutputIterator        values_begin) const
    {
      while (indices_begin != indices_end)
        {
          *values_begin = operator()(*indices_begin);
          ++indices_begin;
          ++values_begin;
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::iterator
    Vector::begin()
    {
      return (*vector)[0];
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::iterator
    Vector::end()
    {
      return (*vector)[0] + locally_owned_size();
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::const_iterator
    Vector::begin() const
    {
      return (*vector)[0];
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::const_iterator
    Vector::end() const
    {
      return (*vector)[0] + locally_owned_size();
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::set(const std::vector<size_type>      &indices,
                const std::vector<TrilinosScalar> &values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      AssertDimension(indices.size(), values.size());
 
      set(indices.size(), indices.data(), values.data());
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::set(const std::vector<size_type>           &indices,
                const ::Vector<TrilinosScalar> &values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      AssertDimension(indices.size(), values.size());
 
      set(indices.size(), indices.data(), values.begin());
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::set(const size_type       n_elements,
                const size_type      *indices,
                const TrilinosScalar *values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      if (last_action == Add)
        {
          const int ierr = vector->GlobalAssemble(Add);
          AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
        }
 
      if (last_action != Insert)
        last_action = Insert;
 
      for (size_type i = 0; i < n_elements; ++i)
        {
          const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type row = indices[i];
          const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type local_row =
            vector->Map().LID(row);
          if (local_row != -1)
            (*vector)[0][local_row] = values[i];
          else
            {
              const int ierr = vector->ReplaceGlobalValues(1, &row, &values[i]);
              AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
              compressed = false;
            }
          // in set operation, do not use the pre-allocated vector for nonlocal
          // entries even if it exists. This is to ensure that we really only
          // set the elements touched by the set() method and not all contained
          // in the nonlocal entries vector (there is no way to distinguish them
          // on the receiving processor)
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const std::vector<size_type>      &indices,
                const std::vector<TrilinosScalar> &values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(indices.size(), values.size());
 
      add(indices.size(), indices.data(), values.data());
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const std::vector<size_type>           &indices,
                const ::Vector<TrilinosScalar> &values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(indices.size(), values.size());
 
      add(indices.size(), indices.data(), values.begin());
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const size_type       n_elements,
                const size_type      *indices,
                const TrilinosScalar *values)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      if (last_action != Add)
        {
          if (last_action == Insert)
            {
              const int ierr = vector->GlobalAssemble(Insert);
              AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
            }
          last_action = Add;
        }
 
      for (size_type i = 0; i < n_elements; ++i)
        {
          const size_type                         row       = indices[i];
          const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type local_row = vector->Map().LID(
            static_cast<TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type>(row));
          if (local_row != -1)
            (*vector)[0][local_row] += values[i];
          else if (nonlocal_vector.get() == nullptr)
            {
              const int ierr = vector->SumIntoGlobalValues(
                1,
                reinterpret_cast<const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type *>(
                  &row),
                &values[i]);
              AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
              compressed = false;
            }
          else
            {
              // use pre-allocated vector for non-local entries if it exists for
              // addition operation
              const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type my_row =
                nonlocal_vector->Map().LID(
                  static_cast<TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type>(row));
              Assert(my_row != -1,
                     ExcMessage(
                       "Attempted to write into off-processor vector entry "
                       "that has not be specified as being writable upon "
                       "initialization"));
              (*nonlocal_vector)[0][my_row] += values[i];
              compressed = false;
            }
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::size_type
    Vector::size() const
    {
#    ifndef DEAL_II_WITH_64BIT_INDICES
      return vector->Map().MaxAllGID() + 1 - vector->Map().MinAllGID();
#    else
      return vector->Map().MaxAllGID64() + 1 - vector->Map().MinAllGID64();
#    endif
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::size_type
    Vector::locally_owned_size() const
    {
      return owned_elements.n_elements();
    }
 
 
 
    inline std::pair<Vector::size_type, Vector::size_type>
    Vector::local_range() const
    {
#    ifndef DEAL_II_WITH_64BIT_INDICES
      const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type begin = vector->Map().MinMyGID();
      const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type end =
        vector->Map().MaxMyGID() + 1;
#    else
      const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type begin =
        vector->Map().MinMyGID64();
      const TrilinosWrappers::types::int_type end =
        vector->Map().MaxMyGID64() + 1;
#    endif
 
      Assert(
        end - begin == vector->Map().NumMyElements(),
        ExcMessage(
          "This function only makes sense if the elements that this "
          "vector stores on the current processor form a contiguous range. "
          "This does not appear to be the case for the current vector."));
 
      return std::make_pair(begin, end);
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::operator*(const Vector &vec) const
    {
      Assert(vector->Map().SameAs(vec.vector->Map()),
             ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning());
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      TrilinosScalar result;
 
      const int ierr = vector->Dot(*(vec.vector), &result);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return result;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::real_type
    Vector::norm_sqr() const
    {
      const TrilinosScalar d = l2_norm();
      return d * d;
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::mean_value() const
    {
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      TrilinosScalar mean;
      const int      ierr = vector->MeanValue(&mean);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return mean;
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::min() const
    {
      TrilinosScalar min_value;
      const int      ierr = vector->MinValue(&min_value);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return min_value;
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::max() const
    {
      TrilinosScalar max_value;
      const int      ierr = vector->MaxValue(&max_value);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return max_value;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::real_type
    Vector::l1_norm() const
    {
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      TrilinosScalar d;
      const int      ierr = vector->Norm1(&d);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return d;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::real_type
    Vector::l2_norm() const
    {
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      TrilinosScalar d;
      const int      ierr = vector->Norm2(&d);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return d;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::real_type
    Vector::lp_norm(const TrilinosScalar p) const
    {
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      TrilinosScalar  norm    = 0;
      TrilinosScalar  sum     = 0;
      const size_type n_local = locally_owned_size();
 
      // loop over all the elements because
      // Trilinos does not support lp norms
      for (size_type i = 0; i < n_local; ++i)
        sum += std::pow(std::fabs((*vector)[0][i]), p);
 
      norm = std::pow(sum, static_cast<TrilinosScalar>(1. / p));
 
      return norm;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector::real_type
    Vector::linfty_norm() const
    {
      // while we disallow the other
      // norm operations on ghosted
      // vectors, this particular norm
      // is safe to run even in the
      // presence of ghost elements
      TrilinosScalar d;
      const int      ierr = vector->NormInf(&d);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return d;
    }
 
 
 
    inline TrilinosScalar
    Vector::add_and_dot(const TrilinosScalar a,
                        const Vector        &V,
                        const Vector        &W)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
 
      this->add(a, V);
      return *this * W;
    }
 
 
 
    // inline also scalar products, vector
    // additions etc. since they are all
    // representable by a single Trilinos
    // call. This reduces the overhead of the
    // wrapper class.
    inline Vector &
    Vector::operator*=(const TrilinosScalar a)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertIsFinite(a);
 
      const int ierr = vector->Scale(a);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector &
    Vector::operator/=(const TrilinosScalar a)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertIsFinite(a);
 
      const TrilinosScalar factor = 1. / a;
 
      AssertIsFinite(factor);
 
      const int ierr = vector->Scale(factor);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector &
    Vector::operator+=(const Vector &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(size(), v.size());
      Assert(vector->Map().SameAs(v.vector->Map()),
             ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning());
 
      const int ierr = vector->Update(1.0, *(v.vector), 1.0);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector &
    Vector::operator-=(const Vector &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(size(), v.size());
      Assert(vector->Map().SameAs(v.vector->Map()),
             ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning());
 
      const int ierr = vector->Update(-1.0, *(v.vector), 1.0);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      return *this;
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const TrilinosScalar s)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertIsFinite(s);
 
      size_type n_local = locally_owned_size();
      for (size_type i = 0; i < n_local; ++i)
        (*vector)[0][i] += s;
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(locally_owned_size(), v.locally_owned_size());
 
      AssertIsFinite(a);
 
      const int ierr = vector->Update(a, *(v.vector), 1.);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::add(const TrilinosScalar a,
                const Vector        &v,
                const TrilinosScalar b,
                const Vector        &w)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(locally_owned_size(), v.locally_owned_size());
      AssertDimension(locally_owned_size(), w.locally_owned_size());
 
      AssertIsFinite(a);
      AssertIsFinite(b);
 
      const int ierr = vector->Update(a, *(v.vector), b, *(w.vector), 1.);
 
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::sadd(const TrilinosScalar s, const Vector &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(size(), v.size());
 
      AssertIsFinite(s);
 
      // We assume that the vectors have the same Map
      // if the local size is the same and if the vectors are not ghosted
      if (locally_owned_size() == v.locally_owned_size() &&
          !v.has_ghost_elements())
        {
          Assert(this->vector->Map().SameAs(v.vector->Map()) == true,
                 ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning());
          const int ierr = vector->Update(1., *(v.vector), s);
          AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
        }
      else
        {
          (*this) *= s;
          this->add(v, true);
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::sadd(const TrilinosScalar s,
                 const TrilinosScalar a,
                 const Vector        &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(size(), v.size());
      AssertIsFinite(s);
      AssertIsFinite(a);
 
      // We assume that the vectors have the same Map
      // if the local size is the same and if the vectors are not ghosted
      if (locally_owned_size() == v.locally_owned_size() &&
          !v.has_ghost_elements())
        {
          Assert(this->vector->Map().SameAs(v.vector->Map()) == true,
                 ExcDifferentParallelPartitioning());
          const int ierr = vector->Update(a, *(v.vector), s);
          AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
        }
      else
        {
          // The two vectors are partitioned differently, or 'v'
          // has ghost entries. In that case, we first have to create
          // a temporary vector that holds a re-partitioned 'v'
          // and to which we can then apply the current operation.
          Vector tmp(locally_owned_elements(), get_mpi_communicator());
          tmp = v;
 
          // Now that we have vectors of the right kind, simply forward
          // to the current function again, which should land us in the
          // 'if' branch above. (Note that unlike in the function above,
          // we cannot easily forward to the add() function without the
          // need for a temporary vector because here we also have to
          // scale the addition -- it needs to be a*v, not just v, and
          // so one way or the other we need a temporary vector. If
          // we already need such a temp vector, we might as well forward
          // to the current function.)
          sadd(s, a, tmp);
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::scale(const Vector &factors)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertDimension(locally_owned_size(), factors.locally_owned_size());
 
      const int ierr = vector->Multiply(1.0, *(factors.vector), *vector, 0.0);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
    }
 
 
 
    inline void
    Vector::equ(const TrilinosScalar a, const Vector &v)
    {
      // if we have ghost values, do not allow
      // writing to this vector at all.
      Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertIsFinite(a);
 
      // If we don't have the same map, copy.
      if (vector->Map().SameAs(v.vector->Map()) == false)
        {
          this->sadd(0., a, v);
        }
      else
        {
          // Otherwise, just update
          int ierr = vector->Update(a, *v.vector, 0.0);
          AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
          last_action = Zero;
        }
    }
 
 
 
    inline const Epetra_MultiVector &
    Vector::trilinos_vector() const
    {
      return static_cast<const Epetra_MultiVector &>(*vector);
    }
 
 
 
    inline Epetra_FEVector &
    Vector::trilinos_vector()
    {
      return *vector;
    }
 
 
 
    inline const Epetra_BlockMap &
    Vector::trilinos_partitioner() const
    {
      return vector->Map();
    }
 
 
 
    inline MPI_Comm
    Vector::get_mpi_communicator() const
    {
      const Epetra_MpiComm *mpi_comm =
        dynamic_cast<const Epetra_MpiComm *>(&vector->Map().Comm());
      return mpi_comm->Comm();
    }
 
 
 
    template <typename number>
    Vector::Vector(const IndexSet               &parallel_partitioner,
                   const ::Vector<number> &v,
                   const MPI_Comm                communicator)
    {
      *this =
        Vector(parallel_partitioner.make_trilinos_map(communicator, true), v);
      owned_elements = parallel_partitioner;
    }
 
 
 
    inline Vector &
    Vector::operator=(const TrilinosScalar s)
    {
      if (s != TrilinosScalar(0))
        Assert(!has_ghost_elements(), ExcGhostsPresent());
      AssertIsFinite(s);
 
      // First set the elements of the locally owned part of
      // the vector to 's':
      const int ierr = vector->PutScalar(s);
      AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
 
      // If the vector has ghost elements, then the assertion
      // above checks that s==0. In that case, we're simply
      // zeroing out the entire vector and need to also do
      // that for the ghost entries of the vector.
      if (nonlocal_vector.get() != nullptr)
        {
          const int ierr = nonlocal_vector->PutScalar(0.);
          AssertThrow(ierr == 0, ExcTrilinosError(ierr));
        }
 
      return *this;
    }
  } /* end of namespace MPI */
 
#  endif /* DOXYGEN */
 
} /* end of namespace TrilinosWrappers */
 
namespace internal
{
  namespace LinearOperatorImplementation
  {
    template <typename>
    class ReinitHelper;
 
    template <>
    class ReinitHelper<TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector>
    {
    public:
      template <typename Matrix>
      static void
      reinit_range_vector(const Matrix                  &matrix,
                          TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector &v,
                          bool                           omit_zeroing_entries)
      {
        v.reinit(matrix.locally_owned_range_indices(),
                 matrix.get_mpi_communicator(),
                 omit_zeroing_entries);
      }
 
      template <typename Matrix>
      static void
      reinit_domain_vector(const Matrix                  &matrix,
                           TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector &v,
                           bool                           omit_zeroing_entries)
      {
        v.reinit(matrix.locally_owned_domain_indices(),
                 matrix.get_mpi_communicator(),
                 omit_zeroing_entries);
      }
    };
 
  } // namespace LinearOperatorImplementation
} /* namespace internal */
 
 
 
template <>
struct is_serial_vector<TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector> : std::false_type
{};
 
#endif
 
DEAL_II_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
 
#endif