Reference documentation for deal.II version 9.2.0
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Namespaces | |
Contravariant | |
Covariant | |
Piola | |
Rotations | |
A collection of operations to assist in the transformation of tensor quantities from the reference to spatial configuration, and vice versa. These types of transformation are typically used to re-express quantities measured or computed in one configuration in terms of a second configuration.
We will use the same notation for the coordinates \(\mathbf{X}, \mathbf{x}\), transformations \(\varphi\), differential operator \(\nabla_{0}\) and deformation gradient \(\mathbf{F}\) as discussed for namespace Physics::Elasticity.
As a further point on notation, we will follow Holzapfel (2007) and denote the push forward transformation as \(\chi\left(\bullet\right)\) and the pull back transformation as \(\chi^{-1}\left(\bullet\right)\). We will also use the annotation \(\left(\bullet\right)^{\sharp}\) to indicate that a tensor \(\left(\bullet\right)\) is a contravariant tensor, and \(\left(\bullet\right)^{\flat}\) that it is covariant. In other words, these indices do not actually change the tensor, they just indicate the kind of object a particular tensor is.
Tensor<1, dim, Number> Physics::Transformations::nansons_formula | ( | const Tensor< 1, dim, Number > & | N, |
const Tensor< 2, dim, Number > & | F | ||
) |
Return the result of applying Nanson's formula for the transformation of the material surface area element \(d\mathbf{A}\) to the current surfaces area element \(d\mathbf{a}\) under the nonlinear transformation map \(\mathbf{x} = \boldsymbol{\varphi} \left( \mathbf{X} \right)\).
The returned result is the spatial normal scaled by the ratio of areas between the reference and spatial surface elements, i.e.
\[ \mathbf{n} \frac{da}{dA} \dealcoloneq \textrm{det} \mathbf{F} \, \mathbf{F}^{-T} \cdot \mathbf{N} = \textrm{cof} \mathbf{F} \cdot \mathbf{N} \, . \]
[in] | N | The referential normal unit vector \(\mathbf{N}\) |
[in] | F | The deformation gradient tensor \(\mathbf{F} \left( \mathbf{X} \right)\) |